An Issuer Identification Number (IIN), also called a Bank Identification Number (BIN), identifies the issuing institution, card program, and card scheme associated with a payment card prefix.

A Business Identifier Code (BIC), commonly called a SWIFT code, identifies banks, institutions and branches in international financial messaging using eight or eleven alphanumeric characters.

A Merchant Category Code (MCC) classifies merchant outlets or activities for card acceptance, reporting and risk rules; meanings can vary across code sets, card schemes, and versions.

Market-specific clearing identifiers (including ABA routing numbers, UK Sort Codes, Australian BSBs, Indian IFSCs, and German BLZs) identify banks or branches in domestic payment systems.